Synchronization:
Synchronization is the process of receiving data in the same
manner and same time by receiver as it was send. If two communication parties
are not synchronized then there may be error in received data. The receiver must
know at what time there is transition in the level of signal. It is good to
know the phase and frequency of source so that receiver can receive the data in
same way. Sender can send clock mentioning the phase and frequency.
Asynchronous
Communication:
Asynchronous is one type of serial communication in which
communication is done by sending one bit at a time. Serial communication is
cheaper than parallel communication. This is why it is very popular.
In asynchronous communication, data is converted into 8-bits
of packet with additional start bit and end bit. The receiver after receiving
the start bit of packet, it then starts to count 8-bit of data and encodes that
8-bit into signal. This helps to receive data as it was sent. The gaps between
packets of data may be represented by some series of 0s and 1s. The gap is not
fixed. This type of communication is found in telephone conversation in which sender
can speak at any time and remain ideal for random period of time.
Synchronous
Communication:
In synchronous communication, data is converted into number
of frames consisting of different packets. There is no start and stop bits in
the packet. The synchronization is done by either sending clock by source or destination
itself can keep clock after receiving first bit. There may be arbitrary gaps
between two frames. This type of communication is very fast, since there is no additional
bits. Communication between two computers is an example of synchronous
communication.
Isochronous
Communication:
In isochronous communication, data is transferred at fixed
rate and is received at same rate. There is no gaps between packets. This type
of communication is important in multimedia communication. For example: video
conference.
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